Influence of Graphene-modified Graphite Anode on the Fast Charging Performance of Lithium Batteries

Abstract

With the exploding demands of high power output and fast charging capability on electric vehicles, in consumer electronics, power tools, aerospace, grid scale, etc., high-rate capability LIBs are highly desired for their wide range of applications. The graphite—anode with the highest commercial success so far—has fundamental limitations for the high-rate chargeability of LIBs because it has a small layer-to-layer distance andprolonged lithiation/delithiation diffusion paths, and an elevated likelihood of lithium plating under fast charging. Graphene – a nano-material with ultra-high electric conductivity, superior mechanical strength, and a unique two-dimensional structure – offers a versatile platform to modify the graphite anode. This review describes in detail how the modification of graphite with graphene improves the rate capability for LIBs: especially those focusing on progress made to enhance Li+ transport kinetics and structural stability by means such as fabrication of three-dimensional hierarchically porous structures, interlayer expansion, and SEI film formation and stability. A review of the state-of-the-art literature shows a clear enhancement in electronic conductivities upon incorporating graphene, lithium-ion diffusivity, and mechanical stability of composites anodes which can offer great promise to improve the rate capacity, cycle life, and safety.